Building
material is any material utilized for development reasons, for example,
materials for house building. Wood, concrete, totals, metals, blocks, solid,
mud is the most widely recognized kind of building material utilized in
development.
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| Types of Building Materials |
There are mainly
two types of building materials are available i.e. Natural Building Material
& Artificial Building Material. Below mentioned list of materials that are
required for building construction and its benefits.
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List of materials required for Building Construction:
A) Natural Construction Material:
Wood:
Wood is the
most widely used building material in the United States and also in India. It is the most efficient, durable, and useful in the construction industry. It is a
renewable resource. Wood can replace other construction materials in many
structures while giving similar usefulness. Many house owners construct their
house by only wood material. The wood products produced from trees.
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| Wood As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Wood as a Construction Material:
i) Wood has been
utilized as fuel for some thousand years and it is as yet being utilized as
fuel for the most part in the rural parts.
ii) It is also used as a boat in the sea.
iii) Wood has consistently been utilized for furniture like seats and coats.
iv) With the help of this material, many types of equipment used in sports are made of wood.
Bamboo:
Bamboo as a
building material is mostly used in our Country. Its Compressive Strength is
high. Bamboo is a sustainable material.
Also, bamboo has a low weight and has been widely used in construction as
a material. Technically bamboo is a grass and not a wood. It is totally unique
from other grass plants.
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| Bamboo As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Bamboo as a Construction Material:
i) Bamboo is used
in construction as scaffolding, bridges, houses.
ii) Bamboo is easy to cut, repair.
It is also used as a temporary material in construction.
Rock:
Generally
people rock material is used as a construction material. Rock is a natural
construction material and available nearby sites or locally at cheap also as a
free for construction. With the help of rock used as a construction material, it
is very simple to use in construction and it is a very important material
during the construction. It’s durability. There are mainly three types of rocks
are available i.e. Igneous Rock, Sedimentary Rock, and Metamorphic Rock.
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| Rock As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Rock as a Construction Material:
i) Rocks are
extremely important in terms of their stability and strength as a geological
material on which construction foundations are made.
ii) Rocks are used in Railway
Ballast, Bricks, Blocks, Kitchen Counters in our homes, Road Construction, etc.
Soil:
Soil is a
natural construction material found on the surface of the earth. Soil is made up of
clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Soil plays a very important role in the
construction. Without soil, construction is not possible. Soil is directly used
in construction such as cement and bricks, as well as indirectly used for
growing plants and trees. Strength and stability depend on the properties
of soils. In rural nowadays also houses are available which are made of mud.
To determine the soil is good or bad for construction it was tested by various
parameters in the laboratory such as Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Water Content
Test, Particle Size Distribution of Soils, Specific Gravity of Soil, etc. Based
on these tests geotechnical engineers decide the soil is good for construction
or not good for construction i.e. bad soil for construction. In soil various
types are available i.e. Sandy Soil, Clay Soil, Peat Soil, Silt Soil, Chalk
Soil, Loam Soil.
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| Sand As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Soil as a Construction Material:
i) Soil is used as
a construction material.
ii) Mainly soil is used for road and rail embankments,
backfilling of retaining walls, dams, foundations, etc.
Clay Bricks:
Clay bricks are
widely used in the construction. Bricks are popular material in the
construction industry because they make a strong wall. Clay is easy to obtain in
many places and it is easy to find and process this. It is not a good sound
isolator. Soil bricks having low tensile strength. Clay bricks' main material
is the soil. Because of soil bricks, buildings are very heavy compared to other
materials.
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| Clay As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Clay Bricks as a Construction Material:
i) Clay Bricks
is secure.
ii) Clay Bricks
giving better design and style to the home.
iii) Clay
Bricks are energy efficient.
iv) Clay Bricks
having low maintenance.
Ice:
Ice as a building material has some limitations. Ice is a
relatively weak material. At the present time there are only three types of ice
present i.e. pykrete, cryogen, etc. Ice composites can
apply successfully in engineering structures.
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| Ice As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Ice as a Construction Material:
i) Ice structures
increased tensile strength.
ii) Reduced creep rate.
iii) Accelerated construction due to more
ductile material behavior, and reduced weight due to less volume of required
material.
Fabric:
Fabric is an
artificial material that is made by a network of natural or artificial fibers.
Fabric material provides tremendous flexibility in the design including shapes
sizes and colors. This fabric material is elastic. It is flame resistant.
Its strength is varying by loads. This material is cheap or less expensive.
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| Fabric As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Fabric as a Construction Material:
i) It is cost-effective.
ii) It is
faster to construct.
iii) It has Low
Maintenance.
iv) Allow
natural light.
Leaves:
Grass, palm
leaves and palmyra leaves are utilized for rooftop structure. They are
transitory and profoundly inflammable. It is cheaper than any other
construction material used for building construction. The basic highlights of this vegetable (cellulose-based) materials are their sustainability.
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| Leaves As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Leaves as a Construction Material:
i) It has low
compressive strengths.
ii) Sway
obstruction and toughness.
iii) Single filaments, grasses, or leaves are typically
too feeble to even consider supporting their own weight, however, in bigger
amounts, when bent, interlaced, packaged or compacted, can be utilized for
different auxiliary and nonstructural applications in building development.
iv) Leaves, for the most part, palm leaves, for
cover rooftops or for making mats and woven boards for floors, dividers, and
rooftops.
Straw-bale:
Strawbale
construction is a generally sustainable construction technique, with straw
being an inexhaustible material that is promptly accessible. Straw bales
additionally have high protection characteristics, keeping the structure warm
in winter and cool in summer.
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| Straw-Bale As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Straw-bale as a Construction Material:
i) The low natural effect of the materials are clearly a significant resource, however
concentrates likewise show the vitality effectiveness of the straw bunches
surpasses that of present-day development.
ii) The
materials can be completely reused once again into nature with next to zero
effect.
Earthbag:
Earthbag is a
eco-friendly material used in the construction. Earthbag development is a
reasonable strategy to make structures that are both solid and can be
immediately manufactured. Earthbag homes really cut the warmth and moistness.
This is the thing that makes these homes cool in the summers and warm in the
winters.
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| Earthbag As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Earthbag as a Construction Material:
i) Earthbag
having low cost.
ii) It is
eco-friendly.
iii) Do not
catch fire easily.
iv) They are
solid and can shield the houses from rain, high winds, and the sun.
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B) Artificial Construction Material:
Bricks:
Bricks are one
of the oldest and first structure materials. There are various types of bricks
are, Common Burnt Clay Bricks, Concrete Bricks, Sand Lime Bricks, Engineering
Bricks, Fly Ash Bricks, Hollow Bricks, etc. Also in bricks materials, there are
mainly three types of class of bricks are available in the market i.e. First
Class Bricks, Second Class Bricks, and Third Class Bricks. Bricks should have
plane faces. Bricks having color should be bright and uniform. They should
have fine, thick, and uniform surfaces.
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| Bricks As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Bricks as a Construction Material:
i) Construction
of brick retaining wall.
ii) Bricks are
used to prepare a brick jail.
iii) It is hard
and durable.
iv) It has a very
low maintenance cost.
v) It is
economical and highly fire-resistant.
Metals:
Metals having
good properties like durability, strength, and resistance to weather, and because
of these features of metal, it is widely used in the construction industry.
Carbon steel, aluminum, copper tubing, and hardened steel are generally sturdy,
solid, and consumption safe metals that are as often as possible applied in the
structure business. These metals structure everything from entryway casings and
interstates to channels and flights of stairs.
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| Metal As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Metals as a Construction Material:
i) It is mostly
used in structural frameworks.
ii) It is also
used as a plate for highway construction and in bridges.
iii) Carbon
steel, aluminum, stainless steel are all durable and strong.
iv) Metals are
also used in the door frames and highways, to pipes and staircases.
Tiles:
The tile word is derived from French word tuile which is, in turn, from the Latin word tegula, meaning a roof tile composed of fired clay. A tile is a thin object and it is generally square in shape.
Tiles are manufactured pieces of material such as stone, metal, ceramic, glass,
etc. Tiles are made from lightweight materials such as wood, mineral wool, or
perlite.
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| Tiles As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Tiles as a Construction Material:
i) Tiles are
affordable.
ii) Tiles
having various varieties.
iii) The
wastage of tiles is much lower than other construction material.
iv) Easy to
clean while dust is in tiles.
v) It is also used for
covering roofs, floors, walls, or other objects such as tabletops.
Cement:
The word cement
is traced to the Romance. The cement is a binding material and
it is used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials
to bind them together. Cement used in construction is usually inorganic. Cement is sometimes used on its own, but
rather to bind sand and gravel i.e. aggregate together. Concrete is a widely
used material in the construction industry. Cement mixed with fine aggregate
and Concrete blended in with fine total produces mortar for brickwork or with sand and gravel produces concrete.
There are various types of cement materials are available in the market i.e.
Portland Cement, Blast Furnace Slag Cement, Silica Fume Cement, White Cement,
Expansive Cement, Portland Fly-ash Cement, Portland Pozzolana Cement, Rapid
Hardening cement, Quick Setting Cement, Low Heat Cement, High Alumina Cement, Surface Resisting
Cement, etc. Grades of cement are 33 grades, 43 grades, 53 grades. There are
two types of mixing processes which are the Dry Process and Wet Process.
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| Cement As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Cement as a Construction Material:
i) Cement is
very strong.
ii) Cement can
create large structures quickly.
iii) It has a high thermal mass.
iv) It fits in
with various shapes.
Plastic:
Now-a-days
plastic is widely used in the construction industry. Plastic is a general name
given to a wide scope of manufactured materials that depend on polymers. There
are natural worries about certain plastics as a result of challenges reusing
them, their diligence in the earth after removal, and concerns with respect to
compound added substances used to make plastics adaptable, impervious to fire,
and glue.
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| Plastic As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Plastic as a Construction Material:
i) Plastic is
light in weight and strong.
ii) It is easy
to transport and shift around the sites.
iii) Plastic is
also flexible.
iv) It is not
suitable for load-bearing structures.
Glass:
Glass is used
in the construction industry as an insulation material. Its main property is
transparency. Glass is a brittle material. At the time of liquid form, it will
be mold at any shape and size which we want. In these various types are
included such as tinted Glass, Toughened Glass, Laminated Glass, Extra Clean
Glass, Chromatic Glass, Shatterproof Glass, Glass Wool, etc. It is also having
different properties like it is Acrylic, Polycarbonate, it having GRP Panels,
it is transparent, It is recyclable, etc.
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| Glass As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Glass as a Construction Material:
i) It is
capable of being worked in many ways.
ii) It has
properties like clear, dry, diffused, and recolored.
iii) It is 100%
recyclable material.
iv) It is a brittle material.
Marble:
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals. It is one of
the types of rock. Marble is very commonly used as a building material and
sculpture. The word marble derives from the Ancient Greek ‘marmaron’. It is a crystalline rock and shining stone. In marble, there
are mainly two types available in our country i.e. Makrana Marble and Green
Marble.
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| Marble As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Marble as a Construction Material:
i) Marble is a durable stone.
ii) Marble is
fire resistant.
iii) It is very
important during interior decoration.
iv) It looks
like Staggering.
iii) Marble is
heat resistant.
iv) It is easy
to clean.
Granite:
Granite is a
typical, coarse-grained, hard volcanic stone consisting predominantly of
quartz, orthoclase or microcline, and mica. Granite has been utilized as a
structure material since old occasions. It is one of the most established and
most strong structure items accessible, and will far outlive the structure in
which it is introduced.
Individuals have utilized rock for a huge number of
years. It is utilized as a development material, a measurement stone, a
building stone, a beautiful stone, and it has likewise been utilized to
fabricate a wide assortment of items. Rock is utilized in structures, spans,
clearing, landmarks, and numerous other outside ventures.
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| Granite As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Granite as a Construction Material:
i) Granite Is
available in various types of colors.
ii) Granite
patterns are very attractive and look natural.
iii) Its surface is shiny so that’s why it is easy to maintain.
iv) It can
resist very high temperatures.
Aggregates:
Aggregates are
the main component of the construction. Aggregates are used for mixing the
cement, bitumen, gypsum, lime, or other adhesive to form concrete or mortar.
Aggregates having physical properties like stability, volume, corrosion,
resistance to wear, etc.
Generally,
aggregates include sand, gravel or pebbles, crushed stones, boiler ashes or
clinkers, broken blast furnace slag. In aggregates, fine aggregates and coarse
aggregates are included. In fine aggregates consisting of sand, crushed stones
are available and in the coarse aggregates, it consists of broken stones, gravel
or pebbles, slag, and other course substances included.
Fine aggregate
ranging from 0.025mm to 6.5mm and coarse aggregate ranging from 6.5mm to 38mm.
According to Indian Standard IS 456 Maximum size aggregates used in concrete. Generally,
aggregates having a maximum size of 20 mm are considered as satisfactory for
reinforced concrete work in normal residential construction works.
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| Aggregates As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Aggregates as a Construction Material:
i) Fine
aggregates are used for the thin slabs and where a smooth surface is desired.
ii) Coarse
aggregates are used for more massive members.
iii) Large size
aggregates using less surface area.
iv) Also, large size aggregates require less water hence it achieves good workability.
Plywood:
Plywood is
widely used in construction due to many useful properties. Plywood is generally
made from softwood, hardwood, or by both softwood and hardwood. Plywood forms
many types such as External plywood, Internal plywood, Structural plywood, and
marine plywood. Plywood forms five types of grades like N, A, B, C, and D.
Plywood mostly used for the interior at the home, office, or any other places where
decoration is required. Plywood having properties are High Strength, Moisture
Resistance, Flexibility, Chemical Resistance, Fire Resistance, Impact
Resistance and Insulation.
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| Plywood As A Construction Material |
Benefits of Plywood as a Construction Material:
i) It is used
to make light doors and shutters.
ii) It is used
to make formwork in construction.
iii) It is also
used to make flooring.
iv) Plywood is
used as a partition wall.
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